What is net zero?
Net zero means cutting greenhouse gas emissions as close to zero as possible. Any that remain are balanced by removing the same amount from the atmosphere. The UK has a legal target to reach net zero by 2050, set in 2019 by amending the Climate Change Act 2008.
Gases like carbon dioxide trap heat and warm the planet. Some emissions, such as from farming or aviation, are hard to remove completely. Net zero allows these as long as an equal amount is taken back out, for example by planting trees or capturing carbon. The UK was the first major economy to put a net zero target into law. Other gases such as methane also count.
The Climate Change Act sets five-year carbon budgets that cap emissions on the way to 2050. The independent Climate Change Committee advises on these and reports on progress. UK emissions have roughly halved since 1990, mainly by closing coal power stations and growing wind power. The next steps are harder, such as replacing gas boilers and petrol cars. Electric heat pumps and vehicles play a big part.
Net zero affects energy bills, jobs, housing and transport. Supporters say it brings new industries, cleaner air and long-term energy security. Critics worry about costs for households and businesses, and argue the UK produces only around 1% of global emissions. Net zero is now one of the clearest dividing lines between parties. The costs and benefits of the 2050 target are hotly disputed at every election.
The left generally supports net zero and often wants faster action, backed by public investment in clean energy and green jobs.
The right is divided, with some backing net zero through markets and nuclear, and others, including Reform UK, wanting to scrap the targets.
Britain is split. Now you decide.
In Population Decides you can keep or scrap the net zero law in Big Debates and see how bills, jobs and voters react.
Play Population Decides freeCommon questions
When does the UK have to reach net zero?
By 2050, under the Climate Change Act 2008 as amended in 2019.
What is the difference between net zero and zero emissions?
Net zero allows some emissions if they are balanced by removals from the atmosphere.
Is net zero law in the UK?
Yes. The 2050 target is a legal duty on the government.